pages/dmg-calc/math.ts

204 lines
6.8 KiB
TypeScript

/*
* @licstart The following is the entire license notice for the JavaScript
* code in this page.
*
* This file is part of oddjobs-dmg-calc.
*
* oddjobs-dmg-calc is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the
* Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your
* option) any later version.
*
* oddjobs-dmg-calc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
* WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
* or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public
* License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
* along with oddjobs-dmg-calc. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*
* @licend The above is the entire license notice for the JavaScript code in
* this page.
*/
/**
* Returns the sum of the set {`n`, `n`+1, `n`+2, ..., `m`-3, `m`-2, `m`-1}.
* Note that the upper bound is exclusive. Another way of saying this is: the
* sum of all of the integers in the interval [`n`, `m`).
*
* This function assumes that `m >= n`, and that both `m` and `n` are integers,
* but usable results are still returned even if these assumptions are
* violated. Swapping `n` and `m` just flips the sign of the result, and
* non-integral values for `n` and/or `m` will yield intermediate values, as
* expected.
*
* This function is so called because it computes the difference between a
* larger triangular number and a smaller triangular number.
*/
export function trapezoid(n: number, m: number): number {
return (m * (m - 1) - n * (n - 1)) / 2;
}
/**
* Returns the sum of the set {`n`^2, (`n`+1)^2, (`n`+2)^2, ..., (`m`-3)^2,
* (`m`-2)^2, (`m`-1)^2}. Note that the upper bound is exclusive. Another way
* of saying this is: the sum of the squares of all of the integers in the
* interval [`n`, `m`).
*
* This function assumes that `m >= n`, and that both `m` and `n` are integers,
* but usable results are still returned even if these assumptions are
* violated. Swapping `n` and `m` just flips the sign of the result, and
* non-integral values for `n` and/or `m` will yield intermediate values, as
* expected.
*
* This function is so called because it computes the difference between a
* larger square pyramidal number and a smaller square pyramidal number. It
* should probably be called `squareFrustum`, but `frustum` is cuter.
*/
export function frustum(n: number, m: number): number {
return (m * (m - 1) * (2 * m - 1) - n * (n - 1) * (2 * n - 1)) / 6;
}
/**
* Gets the expected value for a uniform distribution over the interval
* [`min`, `max`] that is **_actually not uniform_**, because the outcomes are
* clamped to a minimum of 1, **and** the outcomes' fractional parts are
* truncated.
*/
export function truncClampedExpectation(a: number, b: number): number {
if (a === b) {
return Math.max(Math.trunc(a), 1);
}
if (b >= 1) {
const [aInt, bInt] = [Math.trunc(a), Math.trunc(b)];
return (
((a >= 1 ? aInt * (1 - (a % 1)) : 2 - a) +
trapezoid(Math.max(aInt + 1, 2), bInt) +
bInt * (b % 1)) /
(b - a)
);
}
return 1;
}
/**
* Gets the expected value for a uniform distribution over the interval
* [`min`, `max`] that is **_actually not uniform_**, because the outcomes are
* clamped to a minimum of 1.
*/
/*
function clampedExpectation(min: number, max: number): number {
if (min >= 1) {
return (min + max) / 2;
}
// The logic below is there because it's possible that the lower end of the
// damage range (and possibly the higher end as well) is strictly less than
// 1, in which case we no longer have a uniform distribution! This means
// no simple `(minValue + maxValue) / 2` will calculate the expectation for
// us. Instead, we have to split the distribution out into two parts: the
// clamped bit (everything at or below 1), which is always clamped to an
// outcome of 1, and the uniform bit (everything above 1). These are then
// weighted and summed. Note that it's possible for the uniform bit to
// have a measure/norm of zero (particularly, in the case that
// `maxValue <= 1`).
if (min >= max) {
return 1;
}
const rawRangeNorm = max - min;
const rawClampedNorm = Math.min(1 - min, rawRangeNorm);
const uniformExpected = (1 + max) / 2;
const clampedWeight = Math.min(rawClampedNorm / rawRangeNorm, 1);
const uniformWeight = 1 - clampedWeight;
return clampedWeight + uniformWeight * uniformExpected;
}
*/
/**
* Gets the variance for a uniform distribution over the interval [`a`, `b`]
* that is **_actually not uniform_**, because the outcomes are clamped to a
* minimum of 1, **and** the outcomes' fractional parts are truncated. The
* `mu` parameter is the expectation of the distribution, which can be obtained
* from the `truncClampedExpectation` function.
*
* This function assumes that `b >= a`.
*
* This function computes the variance based on its definition. In LaTeX:
*
* ```latex
* \operatorname{Var}(X) = \operatorname{E}[\left(X - \mu\right)^2]
* ```
*/
export function truncClampedVariance(
a: number,
b: number,
mu: number,
): number {
if (a === b || b <= 1) {
return 0;
}
const [aInt, bInt] = [Math.trunc(a), Math.trunc(b)];
const oneMinusMu = 1 - mu;
const bIntMinusMu = bInt - mu;
return (
((a >= 1
? (aInt - mu) ** 2 * (1 - (a % 1))
: (2 - a) * oneMinusMu ** 2) +
frustum(Math.max(aInt + oneMinusMu, 2 - mu), bIntMinusMu) +
bIntMinusMu ** 2 * (b % 1)) /
(b - a)
);
}
/**
* Gets the variance for a uniform distribution over the interval [`a`, `b`]
* that is **_actually not uniform_**, because the outcomes are clamped to a
* minimum of 1. The `mu` parameter is the expectation of the distribution,
* which can be obtained from the `clampedExpectation` function.
*
* This function assumes that `b >= a`, so if `b < a && b > 1`, you will get
* `undefined`.
*
* In LaTeX:
*
* ```latex
* \sigma^2 = \begin{cases}
* 0 & \text{when } a = b \lor b \leq 1 \\
* \frac{(b - \mu)^3 - (\text{max}\left\{a, 1\right\} - \mu)^3}{3(b - a)} +
* (1 - \mu)^2\,\text{max}\!\left\{\frac{1 - a}{b - a}, 0\right\} &
* \text{when } b > \text{max}\!\left\{a, 1\right\}
* \end{cases}
* ```
*/
/*
function clampedVariance(
a: number,
b: number,
mu: number,
): number | undefined {
if (a === b || b <= 1) {
return 0;
}
if (a > b) {
return;
}
const bMinusA = b - a;
return (
((b - mu) ** 3 - (Math.max(a, 1) - mu) ** 3) / (3 * bMinusA) +
(1 - mu) ** 2 * Math.max((1 - a) / bMinusA, 0)
);
}
*/