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There are several types of Bluetooth pairing machanism: Legacy Pairing and Secure Simple Pairing (SSP)
Each device must enter a PIN code; pairing is only successful if both devices enter the same PIN code.
As for Gadgetbridge, devices just ask for confirmation/number during pairing, this is all.
SSP pairing is centered around a shared secret between 2 Bluetooth devices.
If you use (copy/paste) the same Auth Key in several Gadgetbridge apps on different mobile devices (phones, tablets), all of them will be able to connect to your device and fetch data.
Instead of the app deciding/generating the key, the vendor decides what this key is. For example for Huami devices, since the Bip Lite the key is generated by Huami servers and CANNOT be be decided by Gadgetbridge. This is based on signing, the server signs a random number FROM the watch with a UNKNOWN secret key under their controll hidden away. IIRC the key is derived from the signature and the signature is checked by the watch.
In Gadgetbridge, this means that you must first obtain the secret, before you can pair wour watch with gadgetbridge. See more details in Server based pairing article.
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